A Study on Sputum Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (2025)

The Importance of Sputum Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Chest, 1997

Interventions: The use of sputum cytologies preceding other tests (ie, fine-needle aspiration, bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy) in patients with suspected lung cancer. Main outcome measures: Mortality associated with testing and initial surgical treatment (eg, performance of thoracoscopy to remove a local-stage, centrally located cancer), cost of testing and initial treatment, life expectancy, lifetime cost of medical care, and cost-effectiveness. Results: In central lesions, sputum cytology as the first test was the dominant strategy because it both lowers medical-care costs ($2,516 per patient) and lowers the mortality risk (19 deaths in 100,000 patients) of the evaluation without adversely affecting long-term survival. In peripheral lesions, sputum cytology costs less then $25,000 per year of life saved if the pretest probability of cancer exceeds 50%. The estimated annual savings of adopting sputum cytology as the first test for diagnosing lung cancer in the United States is at least $30 million. Conclusions: Experience in regional centers indicates that sputum cytologic testing is infre¬ quently ordered before implementing invasive diagnostic techniques, even in patients with central lung masses. The study findings suggest that sputum cytology as the first test in suspected lung cancer is likely to be cost saving without adversely affecting patient outcomes.

Cytological Analysis of Sputum: The Simplest and Preliminary Method of Lung Cancer Diagnosis - A Retrospective Analysis of 8690 Samples of Symptomatic Patients

Abstract- Lung cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer related deaths for people of both sexes worldwide and sputum cytology has been accepted as one of the best non-invasive method for lung cancer diagnosis, but this method is not accepted as a screening technique because of its lower sensitivity. Aim: To correlate the cytologic findings of sputum with clinical and histopathlogical findings and evaluate the specific reason for the lower sensitivity of sputum cytology for the laboratory diagnosis of lung cancer and its precursors. Materials and Methods: The cytological findings of 8690 sputum samples processed for a period of ten years were analysed. Three consecutive early morning sputum samples were processed by Pick and Smear method and stained with classical Pap staining technique. Clinical and radiological findings and histopathological results were collected and cytology results were correlated with it. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software to see the signific...

Randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of lung cancer screening by sputum cytology revisited

Cancer, 2009

Background-Two randomized controlled trials of lung cancer screening initiated in the 1970's, the Johns Hopkins Lung Project and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Lung Study, compared one arm which received annual chest x-ray and four-monthly sputum cytology (dual-screen) to a second arm which received annual chest x-ray only. Previous publications from these trials reported similar lung cancer mortality between the two groups. However, these findings were based on incomplete follow-up, and each trial on its own was underpowered to detect a modest mortality benefit. Methods-We estimated the efficacy of lung cancer screening with sputum cytology in an intention-to-screen analysis of lung cancer mortality, using combined data from these trials (n=20,426). Results-Over one-half of squamous cell lung cancers diagnosed in the dual-screen group were identified by cytology; these cancers tended to be more localized than squamous cancers diagnosed in the x-ray only arm. After nine years of follow-up, lung cancer mortality was slightly lower in the dual-screen than in the x-ray only arm (rate ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-1.05). Reductions were seen for squamous cell cancer deaths (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.54-1.14) and in the heaviest smokers (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-1.00). There were also fewer deaths from large cell carcinoma in the dual-screen group, though the reason for this is unclear. Conclusions-These data are suggestive of a modest benefit of sputum cytology screening, though we cannot rule out chance as an explanation for these findings.

Advances in sputum analysis for screening and early detection of lung cancer

Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center

Screening for lung cancer using currently available techniques is not effective in reducing mortality from the disease. Archived sputum specimens and clinical data linking specimens to lung cancer outcomes from prior screening programs have been reexamined to evaluate altered gene expressing, including specific oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene deletion, as well as genomic instability and abnormal methylation. Several of these tests allow determination of a molecular diagnosis of cancer years before clinical presentation. These sputum tests provide an impetus to reconsider screening for lung cancer. Prospective trials are required to confirm test performance characteristics, and management and intervention strategies must be developed that are appropriate to the stage at which lung cancer is diagnosed.

Early Detection of Lung Cancer using Sputum Cytology

2014

Lung cancer is acknowledged to be the fundamental driver of disease passing worldwide, and it is difficult to detect in its early stages because symptoms appear only in the advanced stages causing the mortality rate to be the highest among all other types of cancer. The early detection of cancer can be helpful in curing disease completely. This study paper summarizes various reviews and technical articles on Lung cancer detection using the data mining techniques to enhance the Lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present work deals with the attempt to detect lung cancer at early stage based on the analysis of sputum color images The recognition of lung tumor from sputum images is a testing issue because of both the structure of the disease cells and the stained strategy which are utilized in the definition of the sputum units., This survey paper includes the survey of different techniques such as threshold classifier, a Bayesian classification and Hopfield Neural Network and Fuz...

Possitivity Rate of Sputum Cytology Compared to Bronchoscopy and Transthoracic Needle Aspiration in Lung Cancer Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Indonesia

Journal of Cancer and Tumor International

Introduction: Sputum cytology is the only non-invasive method which can detect early lung malignancies. The principle of it is a finding of cells shed from the lesion, either spontaneously or artificially. Aim: This study purposed to evaluate the positivity rate of sputum cytology compared to bronchoscopy or transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) in lung cancer patients. Place and Duration of Study: A prospective cross-sectional study used medical record data using SIRS from 2022 until completed or reached the desired number of samples at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with lung cancers, done a sputum cytology, and bronchoscopy/ TTNA were included. The patients had consented to be included in the study and the study had passed the ethical clearance from Hasanuddin Medical University Ethical Research Committee. Results: Of111 patients with lung cancer, which 46 patients (41,4%) were adenocarcinoma and the other 65 patients (58,6%) wer...

A Prospective Observational Study between the Value of Sputum Cytology and FNAC of Bronchial Growth in Diagnosing Lung Cancer at Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Lung disease is viewed as perhaps the most far reaching and deadly malignancies all throughout the planet. The most seasoned and most crucial technique is based on sputum cytology. The last outskirts for getting sufficient material are fine needle yearning cytology (FNAC) of bronchial development. Aims and Objective: To relate the meaning of sputum cytology and fine needle goal cytology of bronchial tissue under CT rules for diagnosing cellular breakdown in the lungs. Materials and Methods: This potential observational investigation was completed by the division of medication in Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Where data was collected from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 50 patients with a suspected history, symptoms, and risk profile of having primary lung cancer, as demonstrated by chest radiography and CT scan, were chosen for the research population. Fifty patients with clinical and biochemical verification of suspected. All collect...

Looking for sputum biomarkers in lung cancer secondary prevention: where are we now?

Journal of thoracic disease, 2017

The Early Detection of Second Primary Lung Cancers by Sputum lmmunostaining

CHEST Journal, 1994

Automated detection of genetic abnormalities combined with cytology in sputum is a sensitive predictor of lung cancer

Modern Pathology, 2008

Detection of lung cancer by sputum cytology has low sensitivity but is noninvasive and, if improved, could be a powerful tool for early lung cancer detection. To evaluate whether the accuracy of diagnosing lung cancer by evaluating sputa for cytologic atypia and genetic abnormalities is greater than that of conventional cytology alone, automated scoring of genetic abnormalities for 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 (SP-A) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and conventional cytology was done on sputa from 35 subjects with lung cancer, 25 high-risk smokers, and 6 healthy control subjects. Multivariate analysis was performed to select variables that most accurately predicted lung cancer. A model of probability for the presence of lung cancer was derived for each subject. Cells exfoliated from patients with lung cancer contained genetic aberrations and cytologic atypias at significantly higher levels than in those from control subjects. When combined with cytologic atypia, a model of risk for lung cancer was derived that had 74% sensitivity and 82% specificity to predict the presence of lung cancer, whereas conventional cytology achieved only 37% sensitivity and 87% specificity. For diagnosing lung cancer in sputum, a combination of molecular and cytologic variables was superior to using conventional cytology alone.